Urban Planning Overseas

With an eye to the research transformation from hierarchy structure to city network, this paper overviews the ancient studies about urban system, and then discusses the transformation contents of city network studies, the characteristics of network structure, the relationships between each city and other cities in city network, etc.. The results and conclusions are as follows. （1） From city node perspective of each city, we can combine the centrality of city hierarchy with the nodality of city network, and analyze cities’ features from four quadrants consisted of centrality and nodality of cities; （2） From city relations and trajectories perspective, the transformations are changing from the characteristics of onedirectional way and asymmetric to bi-directional way and diversified trajectories. We compare the two theoretical methods from many aspects including linkage direction, relation subject, the volumes, relational space, and the paths, etc.; （3） We elaborate the city network structure from the perspectives of points, lines, and subgroups; （4） According to the basic traits of city network, the relations between each city and others in city network can be analyzed including nodes, trajectories, volumes, cohesions, and risk resistance capacity.

Keywords：

City Hierarchy; City Network; City Node; City Relation

The Spatial Expansion Mechanism of Weak Network Effects Regions: The Spatial Expansion Analysis of the Medium Cities in Three Areas of Shaanxi

Ci Yinyin, Chen Xiaojian

Abstract：

This paper compares the three urban spatial expansion features and analyzes three urban spatial expansion driving forces based on the diagrams in 2000, 2007 and 2012, Google Earth images and other basic materials of Yulin, Weinan and Hanzhong with the aid of ArcGis10.0 spatial analysis function to address the spatial evolution characters and drive forces in weak network effects regions. It demonstrates that the spatial expansion of the medium cities in three areas of Shaanxi takes on the overlap characters of economic driving and government’s adjustion and control. Especially, the pull effect of industrial projects investment and infrastructure is evident. The spatial form and expansion patterns have no direct relationship with the distance to regional central city.

Keywords：

Urban Spatial Expansion; Expansion Strength; Driving Force

Overview and Thoughts on the Large-scale Regional Development in China

Wang Jinbai

Abstract：

Contemporary China adopted the state-dominated planned economy from the beginning of the founding of People’s Republic of China. The main content of its early development is national allocated large projects from the founding of 156 large projects aided by former Soviet Union, to“ three lines” large projects in the 1960s and two rounds of imported complete sets of large projects in the 1970s. All these have shaped or dominated local socio-economy in varying degrees. Then in the reform and opening up period, the new manner of local development is that the country issues specific local development policies to absorb and dispose social resources. In this way the Special Economic Zones in the 1980s got the test, then in the 1990s the large-scale development of the economic zones got promotion, and further development happened in the massive waves of new urban area development In the early 21st century. In this period, the main part of local development has moved from industrial issues to real estate economy, which formed the characteristics of the new era. After the financial crisis in 2008, the transition went towards a climax. Facing land resource bottlenecks and extremely high real estate prices, the state on the one hand introduced intensive large-scale regional development strategies, on the other hand restricted real estate market economy through non-market authority. But it is not sustainable in the modern market economy. In the next stage, regional development will continue, but should pay more attentions on agricultural products, natural environment, people‘s needs, etc., and the perfection of the modern market economy system matters more in the long run.

Keywords：

China; Large-scale Regional Development; Overview

Evolution: Thoughts on Urban Design of Binhai Cultural Center in Tianjin

Feng Tianjia

Abstract：

By reviewing the process of urban design of Binhai cultural center in Tianjin, this paper thoroughly analyzes the disadvantages and limits of the construction idea, management mode about the public cultural facilities under the current government system in China; tries to contribute new ideas and better city form of the public cultural facilities by combining advanced international experience with local conditions. We hope to make the public space with mixed usage, pleasant scale, urban vitality and diversity in the complex context of China nowadays.

Keywords：

Mixed Use; Pleasant Scale; Urban Vitality; Diversity

From Asuwei Incident to the Issuance of “Beijing Statute on Living Garbage Management”: A Policy Process Analysis Case from the Policy Networks Perspective

Li Dongquan, Li Jing

Abstract：

In a time of social and economic transformation, China‘s traditional top-down policy making method does not fit with the needs of the citizens. In recent years, many large scale infrastructures constructions are forced to stop and NIMBY Incidents frequently occur, which are the reflection of such a tension. Asuwei is the name of a village in Changping County in the city of Beijing, and a garbage disposal site. Since July of 2009, the attempt of Beijing municipal government to build a large scale garbage incineration site aroused strong resistance from the neighborhood, escalated into collective action, and becomes a very well-known NIMBY incident - Asuwei Incident. The final result of this incident is the issuance of“ Beijing Statute on Living Garbage Management”. This paper studies and analyzes this case by the ways of interview and survey of participants and on-site observations. A policy network analytical framework is used to examine the process that led to eventual policy making and reveal the significance of this process to China‘s public administration and policy making.

Keywords：

Policy Networks; Public Participation; Asuwei

Study on the Conceptualization of Entire Territorial Urbanization and Its Evaluation Index: A Case of Dalian

Zhao Yan, Lu Wei, Qi Haocong

Abstract：

This paper starts with the viewpoint that the New Urbanization should involve systematic reform in terms of space, mechanism and implementation. It then investigates the practical and theoretical relevance of the concept of “Entire Territorial Urbanization” and refines its conceptualization. Based on this,
it argues that ETU could become a New Urbanization model for China, which is based on the ad hoc situation of the country, within an entire administrative territory, integrating different regions, the urban and the rural, traditional strengths and contemporary specificities of urbanization, and urbanization’s
goals and mechanisms. It finally proposes an evaluation index for ETU and tries to apply it in Dalian city region.

Keywords：

New Urbanization; Entire Territorial Urbanization; Evaluation Index; Dalian

The Research Progress of the Urban-Rural Integration from International Vision and the Development Experience in Typical Countries

Zhang Pei, Zhang Zhonghua, Sun Haijun

Abstract：

Currently, the integration of urban and rural is one of the hot and difficult issues in city development. From the world development experience of urban-rural integration, developed countries are stepping into the advanced stage, while some developing countries have also started a series of exploration on it. These countries have accumulated a lot of useful results and experience besides having obtained initial effect. This article analyzes the current state as well as research progress of urban-rural integration in foreign countries in views of international perspectives. The development theory, practical characteristics and development modes are summarized here. Through understanding the comprehensiveness and historical properties of international integration of urban and rural, especially about their current development and construction planning, we provide a reference experience and route of development to China on current urban-rural integration construction, thus enriching the research fruits of urban-rural integration in China.

Keywords：

International Vision; Urban-Rural Integration; Development Characteristics; Development Modes; Experience Reference

Research of Regional Factors on Cross-border Development

Zhu Huibin, Li Guicai

Abstract：

Under global economy background, cross-border development as the core content of global economic restructure in post-fordism time becomes hot spot of related international research. Regional factors have significant externality to promote cross-border development, but related domestic research is still at initial stage. Based on cross-border development concept, this paper concludes international related research, analyzes types and features to study the regional factors of cross-border development together with conclusion and prospect for international related research.

Keywords：

Post-fortism Time;Global Economic Restructure; Cross-border Development; Regional Factor

Preliminary Study on Problems of Suburban Areas of Cities in Russian Federation

Leng Hong, Liubov. A. Shaporova, Xu Suning, Zhao Yujing

Abstract：

In recent years, the Russian Federation‘s political and economical system has experienced great reforms, which rapidly changes urban-rural relationship and suburban population growth and development model. As particular areas carrying a variety of functions of urban development, the suburban areas of cities in Russian Federation have been gradually paid more and more attention to their development. The relative researches about problems in these suburban areas has become more and more important and practical. The paper studies political and economical background and current situation of the development of suburban areas of cities in Russian Federation. Then existing problems and reasons are analyzed from different aspects including agricultural economy, planning and construction, ecological environment, recreational function and so on. Based on this, some preliminary ideas and suggestions are proposed.

Keywords：

Russian Federation; Suburban Areas of Cities; Suburban Planning

Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Development and Management of Small Towns in China

Yu Li, Peng Jiandong

Abstract：

The critical challenge of China’s urbanization and modernization is in rural areas. It is obvious that there will not be real modernization in China without rural modernization. It is the argument of the author that rational and healthy development of small towns is crucial to China’s urbanization owning to nearly 500 million rural to urban migrants in the next couple of decades. It will inevitably create enormous ecological, economic and social risks if all those migrants moved into large cities or metropolises. However, the present small towns in China are confronting large amount of problems. They are unable to attract people to work and live in, thus unable to provide appropriate hub function in human settlement network. The author argues that the small towns’ main tasks in the process of urbanization are to improve development standard, to increase service capability, to enlarge service catchment areas, and to attract migrants. After analyzing the existing problems and their causes, several proposals are raised for ecological and healthy development and planning management for small towns in China.

Keywords：

Small Town; Urbanization; Innovation; Sustainability

Renaissance or Alienation? Spatial Transformation of Rural Space of Metropolis Fringe Area Driven by Consumer Culture: Empirical Observation on Dashan Village of Gaochun International Slow City

Gao Huizhi, Zhang Jingxiang, Luo Zhendong

Abstract：

Along with the globalization wave, consumer culture is spreading in China. Villages located in the metropolis fringe area are incorporated into the city’s consumption system. The paper builds a“ Stakeholder-Spatial Transformation” analytical framework based on the perspective of the production of space. Through in-depth analysis on the three stakeholders （consumers, producers, owners） of Dashan village of Gaochun International Slow City, the paper reveals the reproduction process of rural space. Moreover, the study found that associated with the invasion of the urban consumer culture, the traditional and natural rural absolute space is replaced by the abstract space which is concerned about the exchange value and abstract value of space. Villagers are oppressive or submissive and there is not any“ daily life’s revolt” as Lefebvre said. Furthermore, rural consumer phenomenon is not caused by its initiative behavior, but promoted by urban demand. It demonstrates that the urban-rural relationship in China today tends to turn from public exploitation to hidden discipline. Essentially, the alienation of the rural space brought by consumer culture is the capital phenomenon of space, which shows that the rural area is gradually becoming the stage for capital operation.

Keywords：

Consumer Culture; Production of Space; Metropolis Fringe Area; Dashan Village of Gaochun International Slow City

The Enlightenment of the Western Principle of Good Faith on the Implementation of China‘s Urban Planning

Wen Chaoxiang, Liu Xi, Ma Wuding

Abstract：

This paper introduces the origin and developing process of western principles of good faith, valuing the idea which includes the stability of principle and reduction of administrative costs, as well as mutual trust of the relations between the two sides and formation of harmonious society. From the three levels of theory, administrative Act and Urban and Rural planning Act, the article reviews the development of the principle of good faith in China. On this basis, combined with the practical problems that exist in urban and rural planning and implementation, the writing discusses how to learn from the principles of good faith, from four aspects of plan announcement, administrative licensing, administrative contracts and administrative guidance.

Keywords：

Good Faith; Urban and Rural Planning; Institution of Implementation

Two Perspectives of the Evaluation of Urban Planning Implementation

He Jinghuan

Abstract：

Growing difficulties of implementation of urban planning have aroused tremendous attention to the influence of the plans and their implementation practices. However, the relevant research is still lacking in China. This paper intends to explore methods to evaluate how and to what extent that spatial planning, as one of intervening approach, influences the actual urban development with market intervention through literature review. Two distinguished approaches, conformance-based approach and performance-based approach, are introduced. These two approaches, due to their different evaluating criteria, steps, and mechanism are suitable to different kinds of plans and urban development. Better understanding of planning implementation contributes to establishing a framework to evaluate planning implementation and identifying planning instruments that essentially influences planning implementation in China.

Keywords：

Urban Planning; Evaluation of Planning Implementation; Conformance-based Approach; Performance-based Approach

On the Lack and Response of Consideration About Women Demands in Urban Planning from the Perspective of Feminism

Kong Yan, Li Guangbin, Wang Yong

Abstract：

At present, women demands are generally neglected in the study of urban planning in China. Based on a brief introduction of feminism, this paper analyzes the lack of consideration about women demands in China’s urban planning from the following aspects: Road and traffic planning, public facilities planning and design, as well as communication and leisure space design. In addition, a series of measures are put forward according to these situations.

Keywords：

Feminism; Women Demands; Urban Planning

A Study on the Use and Evaluation of Planning Journals in China: Based on the Discussion of Online Interview Results and the Impact Factors

Cao Kang, Zhu Jin

Abstract：

A questionnaire survey was conducted from October 2011 to December 2011 to 3 categories of readerships on the use and evaluation of 37 urban planning and planning related journals. The main conclusions are as followed: firstly, the backgrounds of researchers affect their usage of journals to varying degrees; secondly, Urban Planning Forum, City Planning Review and Urban Planning International are the three most influential journals for planning studies; thirdly, peer assessments of the 37 journals have no correlation with their impact factors, as far as the 10 journals on planning and urban studies are concerned, the peer assessments and impact factors have positive correction; fourthly, journals of the related disciplines that stepped in urban planning do help the overlapping and innovative development of disciplines; finally, the developing of planning journals should be improved on the aspects of journal positioning, compelling standards and operational procedure etc.

Keywords：

Planning Journals; Journal Assessment; Journal Development

Protection and Development Strategy of Historic Park in the UK: A Study of Kew

Zhou Xiangpin, Liu Xiting

Abstract：

British developed the awareness of heritage protection of historic park in the middle of last century with a sound heritage management system and advanced protection concepts. Based on the introduction of history and management system of heritage protection and development of historic park in the UK, this paper takes royal botanic garden, Kew as an example, analyses how its heritage management protected and strengthened Kew’s heritage value, and transformed Kew to adapt to the contemporary society successfully. Through exploring the protection and development strategies based on heritage value assessment, this paper hopes to providesome advices to China.

Keywords：

Historic Park; Heritage Value; Protection and Development; Kew

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