| Planning and Institution of Urban Transition: Reflection of International Exerience | | Tang Zilai, Wang Lan |
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| Abstract： |
According to the different back-grounds of urban transition, this paper categorizes cases into global city and industry city. Transitional characteristics of economic, social and spatial structure are identified based on case studies on Tokyo, London and New York City as global cities and on Manchester, Pittsburgh, Dortmund and Essen as industrial cities. Then the paper analyzes functional orientation, spatial planning and implementation strategy of urban transition. It concludes with the function of urban planning in the process of urban transition.
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| Keywords： |
Urban Transition; Global City;Industrial City; Urban Planning; International Comparison |
| Urban Transition and Its Planning in Tokyo | | Wang De, Wu Degang, Zhang Guanzeng |
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| Abstract： |
Facing the international situation and the domestic development problems in the 1990s, Tokyo had adjusted a series of urban development policies and measures. It proposed industrial restructuring internationalization, informatization, aging and other aspects of coping strategies which were not only reflected in specific urban spaces and construction projects, but also reflected in specific implementation details. Those strategies reflected the philosophy of long-term adherence to policy and intertwined various factors.
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| Keywords： |
Tokyo; Internationalization; Informatization;Aging; Suburbanization; Low-carbon City |
| City Development and City Planning of London from the Perspective of Transition | | Tian Li, Sang Jin, Deng Wenjing |
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| Abstract： |
Since the Second World War, the city development of London has experienced several successful transitions, and city planning has played an important role. This paper begins with the evolution of city transition and city planning of London since the World War II, makes an introduction to the Spatial Development Strategy of Greater London. By taking the development of the East London Docklands as a case, this paper analyzes its role in the transition of Greater London.
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| Keywords： |
Transition; City Planning; London; East London Docklands |
| Urban Transition of New York City and Its Multiple Plans | | Wang Lan |
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| Abstract： |
Multiple urban plans in New York City （NYC） function as public policies to support its transition. This paper tracks urban transition process and plans of NYC after the World War II with a focus of the year 2001 to present, in order to understand the role of plans in urban development and the themes of transition.
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| Keywords： |
New York City; Transition;Multiple Plans |
| Transformation of Traditional British Industrial City: The Experience of Manchester | | Cao Sheng, Tang Zilai |
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| Abstract： |
As a Britain’s traditional industrial base and the largest city next to London, Manchester has undergone a process from boom to decline, and then back to prosperity through urban trans-formation after World War II. From the early 1980s to nowadays for about 30 years, by effective support from the policy level and continuous promotion from the operational level, Manchester has transformed from a manufacturing-based industrial city to a post-industrial city which is known for its service economy. It also makes benefits in multiple in spatial, economic and social aspects. The centre and waterfront area of the inner city as representative of Manchester’s transformation are especially typical. On the one hand, interpreting its urban transformation helps us cognize the process and stages of restructuring industrial cities; on the other hand, some core projects in the city transformation process are very instructive for us to scheme development orientation, to select planning program, to develop implementation strategy and so on.
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| Keywords： |
Industrial City; Manchester; City Transformation |
| Transitional Process and Its Plans of Downtown Pittsburg | | Wang Lan, Gu Hao |
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| Abstract： |
Pittsburgh has been transformed from a resource-based city relying on steel industry to a postindustrial city focusing on a series of high technologies including software, artificial in-telligence and biopharmacy. This paper su-mmarizes the characteristics of three phases in its transitional process and analyzes key projects. It also discusses the plan providing spatial framework to downtown transition and a plan for a si-gnificant district.
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| Keywords： |
Pittsburgh; Downtown Area; Transition;Process; Planning |
| Urban Transition of Ruhr District: Experience of Dortmund and Essen | | Wang Jing, Wang Lan, Paul Blanke-Bartz |
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| Abstract： |
Dortmund and Essen are two significant cities in the famous historic industrial area: Ruhr District. They both have tracks in common and individual chara-cteristics in urban transition. This paper analyzes urban transition approach, plans and important projects of these two cities and summarizes plan-ning strategies for industrial cities in transition.
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| Keywords： |
Urban Transition; Dortmund;Essen |
| How to Save the Shrinking Cities: Old Industrial Cities’ Transition in the UK | | Yang Dongfeng, Yin Chengzhi |
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| Abstract： |
How to save the shrinking cities becomes one of the most difficult tasks in achieving sustainable urbanization. In the process of urbanization of the western countries, due to various factors such as economy tran-sition, resource exhaustion, suburbanization and etc, many old industrial cities are lost in shrinking predicament which causes complex social problems. The theoretical analyzes from aspects of global challenges and local response shows that tran-sition of shrinking cities has provoked the traditional urban planning theory focusing on growth mana-gement, which is reflected in the paradigm dile-mmas between entrepreneurialism and environmen-talism. The case studies of Man-chester and Leeds in the UK demon-strate that al-though Manchester’s renaissance strategic planning guided by entre-preneurialism paradigm led to increasing con-tradiction between economy growth and environment protection, Leeds’attempt to exceed traditional entrepre-neurialism para-digm has brought about new pros-pect of integrating economy and environment issues, and that theory of sustain-able cities also gives new chance to cope with problems of shrinking cities. The experiences of western shrinking cities can offer some guiding principles to old industrial cities’ transition in China.
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| Keywords： |
Old Industrial City; Shrinking City; Transition |
| Urban Renovation Through Holistic Creation in France:The Planning Mechanism of ZAC and Its Implementation in Paris | | Liu Jian |
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| Abstract： |
In order to deal with the changes of accelerated urbanization and socio-economic restructuring in the second half of the 20th century, France, taking the mechanism of Zone d’Aménagement Concerté （Concerted Development Zone） as operational tool carried out a series of large-scale urban renewal projects in its metropolises, including Paris, to regenerate the declining traditional neighborhoods and industrial areas. The practice of urban renewal in Paris proves that the mechanism of Zone d’Aménagement Concerté is effective in not only upgrading the urban functions, ameliorating the human settlements, and promoting the living quality of these declining neighborhoods, but also dealing with the problems of the conflicts among various stakeholders, the mutation of urban landscape, the imbalance between real estate develop-ment and trans-portation con-struction, and so on. In view that these problems are quite popular in the practice of urban renewal in Chinese cities all over the country, the successful ex-perience of the mechanical estab-lishment of Zone d’Aménagement Concerté can be a useful reference for China.
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| Keywords： |
Urban Renovation; Planning Mechanism;Zone d’Aménagement Concerté; France; Paris |
| “Contract City”Mode and Its Significance for Cities of China: The Case of Lakewood, The USA | | Wang Pingping |
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| Abstract： |
As a model for self-government in the US suburbs , Lakewood was famous for the Lakewood Plan which first pro-posed the government to outsource muni-cipal services. “Contract city“ mode, which developed the idea of the Lakewood Plan, refers to a kind of admin-istration, which is carried out by the contract that signed betweena city and a market player who has won the market competition after the public service was put into the market. With market competition, the mode cleverly reduced the service cost of the main city, maxi-mized the safeguard of citizens’ interests, and benefitted the market player who won the market com-petition. Since the birth of “Contract city” mode, not only has it brought innovation to the US local govern-ment manage-ment, but also changed the regional structure to a great extent. Cities of China, which are in the period of develop-ing and reforming, should adjust measures to local conditions, learn the effectiveness of “contract city“ model and notice the limits. Sequentially, cities of China will convert their future from passive development into active competition.
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| Keywords： |
Contract City; Lakewood Plan; Municipal Service OutsourcingPublic Choice Economics; Suburbanization; America; |
| The Development and Innovation of Partnership Policy: British Experience in Urban Governance | | Qu Lingyan |
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| Abstract： |
Based on the British urban governance experience, this paper induces the development process, the organization forms, the law guarantee mechanism of its partnership policy in urban and regional development, summarizes the nature of its development and innovation in urban governance, and gets the conclusion that the importance of British urban governance experience lies in the partnership as a strategy, they have their particular development goals in different stages of partnership initiatives. In order to achieve the specific urban development goals, the central government innovated its urban development policies, and improved its urban and town planning laws and regulations. The development objectives, the policy measures, the funding and law guarantee contribute to the urban development as a whole, which is an integrated systematical practice that deserve us to draw lessons in many aspects for our urban governance and our urban and regional development.
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| Keywords： |
British; Partnership Policy; Development and Innovation;Urban Governance; Urban and Regional Development |
| Smart Code: Expatiation of American Form-based Codes Model Under New Urbanism | | Wang Xiaochuan |
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| Abstract： |
The article introduces the context and organization of Smart Code under New Urbanism, which mainly includes three parts: the components of Form-based Codes（FBCs）, the process to create FBCs, and the Case study. It describes the fundamental elements of FBCs, the part of process gives the actual coding process steps from the beginning to implement, and the case study is about the Smart Code of Montgomery, Alabama, which is one of the best practice examples of FBCs.
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| Keywords： |
Smart Code; Form-based Codes （FBCs）;New Urbanism; Rural-to-urban Transect |
| Research on the US Superfund System ：Exploring the Method for the Land Use Planning Coordination inthe Contaminated Land Remediation Process | | Zhou Conghui |
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| Abstract： |
Superfund is a land remediation system led by the US Federal Government to remediate and redevelop the most serious contaminated sites in the whole nation. In the system, the future-land-use-based planning coordination mechanism integrates the site remedial process and the future land use planning process as a whole to coordinate ecological benefits pursued by the environmental protection and social and economic benefits pursued by land reuse and redevelopment. This article analyzes the origins, establishment and operating characteristics of the Superfund system and its future-landuse-based planning coordination mechanism, and explores references for China to get proper solutions to the similar issues in current condition.
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| Keywords： |
Superfund; Contaminated Land; Land Use; Cleanup;Remediation |
| Inspirations of Singapore’s Design, Build and Sell Scheme to Enterprises’ Participation in Affordable Housing Construction in Shenzhen | | Zhou Qing, Yang Rui, Wei Zhihan |
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| Abstract： |
As a pioneer of China’s Open-door to the outside world, Shenzhen gradually let enterprises join the construction of affordable housing by reforming the methods of investing and financing. At the same time, Housing and Construction Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality has also launched special research on this issue. But there are many problems and puzzles because it is still in the primary stage of exploration. This paper analyzes the DBSS （Design, Build and Sell Scheme） mode in Singapore and explores the reasons of its sudden cease, then draw lessons from it to provide references for enterprises’ participation in affordable housing construction in Shenzhen.
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| Keywords： |
DBSS; Shenzhen; Enterprise;Affordable Housing |
| Rural Landscape Construction of South Korea and Its Enlightenments | | Ma Yuan, Bian Yu |
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| Abstract： |
This paper analyzes the development process of rural landscape and the practice of landscape construction of South Korea, and summarizes the legal system and policies of rural landscape construction and management of South Korea. The paper concludes with some suggestions for the construction of China’s rural landscape.
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| Keywords： |
Rural Landscape; System; South Korea |
| Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change and the Developing Pattern of Cities of China | | Wang Liangliang, Han Jie, Peter Newman |
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| Abstract： |
This article addresses that it is very useful to consider the book Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change as an important reference for urban developments in China. It also discusses how cities of China should respond to the energy shortage and global warming. Meanwhile, based on the understandings in the process of translation, the new concept of “resilient city” is also addressed. Combining with the status and characteristics of China‘s cities‘ developments, this article concludes the necessity and importance of resilient cities strategies in China.
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| Keywords： |
Resilient Cities; Climate Change; Peak Oil;Urban Development |
