摘　要：

减少能源消耗不仅事关提高能效的措施和技术，也与日常行为习惯的改变密切相关。尽管有的观点认为，过分强调个体行为对社会向低碳过渡的驱动作用，会转移人们从更宏观的经济和政治的层面来探讨这一问题的注意力，但环境友好的行为在此过渡过程中起到的重要作用已经获得了广泛认可。然而，环境友好行为包括哪些？人们为什么会这样做？他们改变行为的动因是什么？行为形成和改变的核心要素有哪些？本文通过讨论关于环境行为及其驱动力的三种学说：理性经济说，意识分析说，以及社会影响说来解答以上问题。同时，联系能源消费方面的案例，对行为进行概念上的解读。

Abstract：

Reducing energy demand is not simply about developing energy efficiency measures and technologies，but also changing behaviour and everyday practices. Although the over-emphasis on individual behaviour as the main driver of transition to low-carbon societies may be contested on the grounds that it distracts attention from the wider structural，economic and political factors，it is widely acknowledged that pro-environmental behaviours play an important part in such a transition. This paper aims to address these questions by drawing on three dominant perspectives on environmental behaviour and its drivers: the rational economic，the psychological and the sociological perspectives. The aim is to provide a conceptual understanding of behaviour，illustrated with examples from energy consumption.

关键词：

城市能源消耗；消费行为；理性经济说；意识分析说；社会影响说

Keywords：

Urban Energy Consumption; Consumption Behaviour; Rational Economic Perspective; Psychological Perspective; Sociological Perspective